[环境配置] Archwsl安装与配置教程
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目录
介绍
相较于传统虚拟机, wsl实现了低成本高效率地在windows中有效执行linux环境, 而archlinux属于linux中一个独特的发行版, 拥有足够新且省心的pacman包与体系完善的环境, 以下是从零开始对archwsl的安装与配置教程.
安装wsl
安装wsl1
微软官方给出了一套最为方便的安装路径, 使用管理员权限打开powershell运行以下指令:
dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux /all /norestart
安装archwsl
此步骤需要在安装wsl1后进行, 否则wsl无法识别archwsl. 在微软商店搜索Arch WSL(如果无法安装表示系统版本需要更新), 完成后重启电脑尝试打开archwsl, 有概率存在错误, 以下分别列举各种报错的可能性.
如果看到等待界面, 一段时间后需要输入用户名/输入密码/确认密码, 则完成后archwsl安装成功.
错误处理
以下是面对错误情况时的一些处理机制:
- 版本不对, 一些情况下wsl版本默认为wsl2, 但是教程配置为wsl1, 需要手动切换, 可在powershell中运行指令切换为wsl1:
wsl --set-default-version 1 - 系统设置错误,
设置>应用>应用和功能>程序和功能>启用或关闭Windows功能打开适用于Linux的Windows子系统, 然后重启电脑. - dns污染, 可在
设置>网络和Internet>状态>更改适配器选项>WLAN>属性>Internet协议版本4(TCP/IPV4)修改为使用下面的DNS服务器地址, 地址可以更改为8:8:8.8, 8:8:4.4.
配置archwsl
更新archlinux源
相比完善的debian系, arch需要稍微花点时间, 获取arch以后第一步应该先对源进行更新, 在国内获取源会很慢, 故需要使用国内的镜像源, 首先是找到文件/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist, 在首行写入:
Server = https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
保存后执行更新指令:
sudo pacman -Syyu
# 未来在生产环境应该采用-Syu进行安全更新.
# sudo pacman -Syu
更新archlinuxcn源
除了官方源, arch中国还提供了自己维护的源可以使用, 找到文件/etc/pacman.conf, 在行尾写入:
[archlinuxcn]
Server = https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinuxcn/$arch
Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinuxcn/$arch
保存后执行更新指令:
sudo pacman -Sy archlinuxcn-keyring
中文环境
在windows终端显示中文字体可以不需要安装archlinux的中文字体, 但是缺少中文环境时linux内核会识别中文为编码形式, 直观影响有:
- 中文文件以编码形式进行显示
- 输入中文后无法正常删去, 容易使终端混乱(因为windows终端的1个2字节中文实际上在linux中识别为4字节的编码形式)
我们需要修改为中文环境(不需要安装中文字体).在文件/etc/locale.gen中找到:
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8
并取消注释, 然后执行指令:
sudo locale-gen
配置编程环境
配置vim
vim是终端上极为强大的文本编辑器, 首先安装vim:
sudo pacman -S vim vim-youcompleteme-git
vim可在文件/usr/share/vim/vim91/defaults.vim追加脚本以实现编译运行功能, 以下以个人配置作为参考:
au BufNewFile,BufRead *.d2 setf d2
map <F5> : call CompileRunGcc()<CR>
func! CompileRunGcc()
exec "w"
if &filetype == "python"
!time python %
elseif &filetype == "c"
!clang % -o %< && time ./%<
elseif &filetype == "cpp"
!clang++ % -o %< && time ./%<
elseif &filetype == "go"
!time go run %
elseif &filetype == "r"
!Rscript %
elseif &filetype == "sh"
!time bash ./%
elseif &filetype == "rust"
!rustc % && time ./%<
elseif &filetype == "markdown"
!vnote %
elseif &filetype == "toml"
!cargo build
elseif &filetype == "cs"
!mcs % -out:%<.exe && time mono %<.exe
elseif &filetype == "asm"
!nasm -f elf64 % -o %<.o && ld %<.o -o %< && time ./%<
elseif &filetype == "v"
!v % && time ./%<
elseif &filetype == "java"
!java %
elseif &filetype == "d2"
!d2 %
endif
endfunc
map <F6> : call SpecialCompilation()<CR>
func! SpecialCompilation()
exec "w"
if &filetype == "rust"
!cargo run
elseif &filetype == "c"
!sdcc % -o %<.ihx && packihx %<.ihx > %<.hex
endif
endfunc
map <F7> : call SpecialCompilation()<CR>
func! SpecialCompilation()
exec "w"
if &filetype == "c"
!time x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc % -o %<.exe && time ./%<.exe
endif
endfunc
:set number
配置sage
sage是archlinux引以为傲包之一, 由于arch特有的理念, 强大的数学编程语言sage在arch中一直处于较为新的版本, 安装指令如下:
sudo pacman -S sagemath
配置终端
配置终端主要是为了美观, 以下提供一个本人自用的终端配置, 可以在设置>打开JSON文件中进行替换:
{
"$help": "https://aka.ms/terminal-documentation",
"$schema": "https://aka.ms/terminal-profiles-schema",
"actions":
[
{
"command":
{
"action": "copy",
"singleLine": false
}
},
{
"command": "paste"
},
{
"command": "find",
"keys": "ctrl+shift+f"
},
{
"command": "unbound",
"keys": "ctrl+v"
},
{
"command": "unbound",
"keys": "ctrl+c"
},
{
"command": "unbound",
"keys": "ctrl+w"
},
{
"command":
{
"action": "splitPane",
"split": "auto",
"splitMode": "duplicate"
},
"keys": "alt+shift+d"
},
{
"command":
{
"action": "newTab"
}
}
],
"alwaysShowTabs": false,
"autoHideWindow": false,
"copyFormatting": "none",
"copyOnSelect": false,
"defaultProfile": "{a5a97cb8-8961-5535-816d-772efe0c6a3f}",
"disableAnimations": true,
"initialCols": 40,
"initialRows": 35,
"minimizeToNotificationArea": false,
"newTabMenu":
[
{
"type": "remainingProfiles"
}
],
"profiles":
{
"defaults":
{
"colorScheme": "archcolor"
},
"list":
[
{
"commandline": "%SystemRoot%\\System32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\powershell.exe",
"guid": "{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}",
"hidden": false,
"name": "Windows PowerShell"
},
{
"commandline": "%SystemRoot%\\System32\\cmd.exe",
"guid": "{0caa0dad-35be-5f56-a8ff-afceeeaa6101}",
"hidden": false,
"name": "\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26"
},
{
"antialiasingMode": "aliased",
"backgroundImage": null,
"bellStyle": "none",
"cursorShape": "emptyBox",
"font":
{
"face": "Consolas",
"size": 11.0,
"weight": "extra-light"
},
"guid": "{a5a97cb8-8961-5535-816d-772efe0c6a3f}",
"hidden": false,
"historySize": 1000,
"icon": "D:\\work\\file\\picture\\arch.png",
"intenseTextStyle": "all",
"name": "Arch",
"opacity": 80,
"scrollbarState": "hidden",
"source": "Windows.Terminal.Wsl"
},
{
"guid": "{b453ae62-4e3d-5e58-b989-0a998ec441b8}",
"hidden": false,
"name": "Azure Cloud Shell",
"source": "Windows.Terminal.Azure"
},
{
"antialiasingMode": "aliased",
"cursorShape": "emptyBox",
"font":
{
"face": "Consolas",
"size": 11.0,
"weight": "extra-light"
},
"guid": "{58ad8b0c-3ef8-5f4d-bc6f-13e4c00f2530}",
"hidden": false,
"historySize": 1000,
"icon": "D:\\work\\file\\picture\\debian.png",
"intenseTextStyle": "all",
"name": "Debian",
"opacity": 80,
"scrollbarState": "hidden",
"source": "Windows.Terminal.Wsl"
}
]
},
"schemes":
[
{
"background": "#0C0C0C",
"black": "#0C0C0C",
"blue": "#0037DA",
"brightBlack": "#767676",
"brightBlue": "#3B78FF",
"brightCyan": "#61D6D6",
"brightGreen": "#16C60C",
"brightPurple": "#B4009E",
"brightRed": "#E74856",
"brightWhite": "#F2F2F2",
"brightYellow": "#F9F1A5",
"cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
"cyan": "#3A96DD",
"foreground": "#CCCCCC",
"green": "#13A10E",
"name": "Campbell",
"purple": "#881798",
"red": "#C50F1F",
"selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF",
"white": "#CCCCCC",
"yellow": "#C19C00"
},
{
"background": "#012456",
"black": "#0C0C0C",
"blue": "#0037DA",
"brightBlack": "#767676",
"brightBlue": "#3B78FF",
"brightCyan": "#61D6D6",
"brightGreen": "#16C60C",
"brightPurple": "#B4009E",
"brightRed": "#E74856",
"brightWhite": "#F2F2F2",
"brightYellow": "#F9F1A5",
"cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
"cyan": "#3A96DD",
"foreground": "#CCCCCC",
"green": "#13A10E",
"name": "Campbell Powershell",
"purple": "#881798",
"red": "#C50F1F",
"selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF",
"white": "#CCCCCC",
"yellow": "#C19C00"
},
{
"background": "#282C34",
"black": "#282C34",
"blue": "#61AFEF",
"brightBlack": "#5A6374",
"brightBlue": "#61AFEF",
"brightCyan": "#56B6C2",
"brightGreen": "#98C379",
"brightPurple": "#C678DD",
"brightRed": "#E06C75",
"brightWhite": "#DCDFE4",
"brightYellow": "#E5C07B",
"cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
"cyan": "#56B6C2",
"foreground": "#DCDFE4",
"green": "#98C379",
"name": "One Half Dark",
"purple": "#C678DD",
"red": "#E06C75",
"selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF",
"white": "#DCDFE4",
"yellow": "#E5C07B"
},
{
"background": "#FAFAFA",
"black": "#383A42",
"blue": "#0184BC",
"brightBlack": "#4F525D",
"brightBlue": "#61AFEF",
"brightCyan": "#56B5C1",
"brightGreen": "#98C379",
"brightPurple": "#C577DD",
"brightRed": "#DF6C75",
"brightWhite": "#FFFFFF",
"brightYellow": "#E4C07A",
"cursorColor": "#4F525D",
"cyan": "#0997B3",
"foreground": "#383A42",
"green": "#50A14F",
"name": "One Half Light",
"purple": "#A626A4",
"red": "#E45649",
"selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF",
"white": "#FAFAFA",
"yellow": "#C18301"
},
{
"background": "#002B36",
"black": "#002B36",
"blue": "#268BD2",
"brightBlack": "#073642",
"brightBlue": "#839496",
"brightCyan": "#93A1A1",
"brightGreen": "#586E75",
"brightPurple": "#6C71C4",
"brightRed": "#CB4B16",
"brightWhite": "#FDF6E3",
"brightYellow": "#657B83",
"cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
"cyan": "#2AA198",
"foreground": "#839496",
"green": "#859900",
"name": "Solarized Dark",
"purple": "#D33682",
"red": "#DC322F",
"selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF",
"white": "#EEE8D5",
"yellow": "#B58900"
},
{
"background": "#FDF6E3",
"black": "#002B36",
"blue": "#268BD2",
"brightBlack": "#073642",
"brightBlue": "#839496",
"brightCyan": "#93A1A1",
"brightGreen": "#586E75",
"brightPurple": "#6C71C4",
"brightRed": "#CB4B16",
"brightWhite": "#FDF6E3",
"brightYellow": "#657B83",
"cursorColor": "#002B36",
"cyan": "#2AA198",
"foreground": "#657B83",
"green": "#859900",
"name": "Solarized Light",
"purple": "#D33682",
"red": "#DC322F",
"selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF",
"white": "#EEE8D5",
"yellow": "#B58900"
},
{
"background": "#000000",
"black": "#000000",
"blue": "#3465A4",
"brightBlack": "#555753",
"brightBlue": "#729FCF",
"brightCyan": "#34E2E2",
"brightGreen": "#8AE234",
"brightPurple": "#AD7FA8",
"brightRed": "#EF2929",
"brightWhite": "#EEEEEC",
"brightYellow": "#FCE94F",
"cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
"cyan": "#06989A",
"foreground": "#D3D7CF",
"green": "#4E9A06",
"name": "Tango Dark",
"purple": "#75507B",
"red": "#CC0000",
"selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF",
"white": "#D3D7CF",
"yellow": "#C4A000"
},
{
"background": "#FFFFFF",
"black": "#000000",
"blue": "#3465A4",
"brightBlack": "#555753",
"brightBlue": "#729FCF",
"brightCyan": "#34E2E2",
"brightGreen": "#8AE234",
"brightPurple": "#AD7FA8",
"brightRed": "#EF2929",
"brightWhite": "#EEEEEC",
"brightYellow": "#FCE94F",
"cursorColor": "#000000",
"cyan": "#06989A",
"foreground": "#555753",
"green": "#4E9A06",
"name": "Tango Light",
"purple": "#75507B",
"red": "#CC0000",
"selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF",
"white": "#D3D7CF",
"yellow": "#C4A000"
},
{
"background": "#000000",
"black": "#000000",
"blue": "#000080",
"brightBlack": "#808080",
"brightBlue": "#0000FF",
"brightCyan": "#00FFFF",
"brightGreen": "#00FF00",
"brightPurple": "#FF00FF",
"brightRed": "#FF0000",
"brightWhite": "#FFFFFF",
"brightYellow": "#FFFF00",
"cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
"cyan": "#008080",
"foreground": "#C0C0C0",
"green": "#008000",
"name": "Vintage",
"purple": "#800080",
"red": "#800000",
"selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF",
"white": "#C0C0C0",
"yellow": "#808000"
},
{
"background": "#000000",
"black": "#545454",
"blue": "#435BFF",
"brightBlack": "#A6A6A6",
"brightBlue": "#3E71D4",
"brightCyan": "#01D7E8",
"brightGreen": "#049600",
"brightPurple": "#810096",
"brightRed": "#9E0104",
"brightWhite": "#E0E0E0",
"brightYellow": "#C7C402",
"cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
"cyan": "#03E1FF",
"foreground": "#FFFFFF",
"green": "#33FC03",
"name": "archcolor",
"purple": "#A100E8",
"red": "#DB0009",
"selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF",
"white": "#FFFFFF",
"yellow": "#EBDC01"
}
],
"showTabsInTitlebar": false,
"showTerminalTitleInTitlebar": true,
"theme": "light",
"themes":
[
{
"name": "legacyDark",
"tab":
{
"background": null,
"showCloseButton": "always",
"unfocusedBackground": null
},
"window":
{
"applicationTheme": "dark",
"useMica": false
}
},
{
"name": "legacyLight",
"tab":
{
"background": null,
"showCloseButton": "always",
"unfocusedBackground": null
},
"window":
{
"applicationTheme": "light",
"useMica": false
}
},
{
"name": "legacySystem",
"tab":
{
"background": null,
"showCloseButton": "always",
"unfocusedBackground": null
},
"window":
{
"applicationTheme": "system",
"useMica": false
}
}
]
}